Electricity + Control May 2017

STANDBY + BACK-UP

IN CONVERSATION

Peter Middleton

Crown Publications editor, Pe- ter Middleton, talks to Kenny Gaynor, director of power gen- eration for Cummins Southern Africa, about the role of diesel, gas and biogas engine-genera- tor sets and some of the hybrid options that are fast becoming viable as grid replacement options.

Kenny Gaynor

time to prevent power dipping. The diesels ramp up in sync with the solar coming off and the load doesn’t see any change in the supply. These hybrid systems could see some 20% savings on diesel fuel costs, which has a huge impact on the levelised kWh cost. Almost all solar PV costs are capex –which can be recouped very quickly – and in term of running costs, even the maintenance of solar systems is minimal, limited to cleaning. PM Is there a problem with cloud cover in Africa? KG In Africa, particularly in North and West Africa, cloud cover can be a big problem, causing the diesels to come in more often than they would in sunnier places. The cost of solar has decreased significantly in recent times, though, making hybrid diesel-solar solutions very attractive for mining operations that are off-grid. This also applies to cell phone towers in rural Africa, which use generators, battery storage and PV panels in similarlymanaged hybrid combinations. The generator charges the batteries at night while the solar PV charges them when the sun is shining, with the batteries supplying the direct load. As is now common with modern control and power management technology, remote monitoring capabilities are readily available and

For prime use, Cummins Power Generation offers solutions for peo- ple needing a 24/7 supply, typically a remote off-grid mine or a mine under development, for example, and while diesel power generation is always going to be more expensive than utility power, if access to the grid is unavailable, then there are fewer options other than prime units. There is nothing better for picking up a load than diesel engines. Diesel engines are amazing when it comes to absorbing changes in load, either up or down. PM Costs? KG With the price of diesel at around 1 US$ per litre, diesel gener- ated power costs are somewhere upwards of $0,30 per kWh. About 73% of this cost can be attributed to the diesel fuel costs, with capex and maintenance accounting for the remaining 27% of the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE). The capex and maintenance costs are low but the big issue is running costs due to fuel. This makes prime die- sel generators ideal for use in hybrid solutions. We see companies using solar during the day to reduce the fuel costs, with the diesel being used overnight. Solar technology is now quite sophisticated. Management systems can predict when the solar output is about to drop due to cloud cover, for example, and the diesels can be started in

• Natural gas and biogas engines are increasingly viable alternatives to diesel gensets. • By passing the exhaust gas through a heat exchanger, a second andfreesourceofenergyintheformofheatbecomesavailable. • The direct efficiency of a gas engine-driven generator is around 40 - 42%… but a further 45% can be added to that by beneficiating the heat.

take note

Cummins’ LNG- fuelled QSV 91 generator sets are ideal for CHP (combined heat and power) applications such as data centres, where cooling dominates the load profile: this because the exhaust gas stream runs significantly hotter – by about 200°C – than diesel-engine equivalents.

May ‘17 Electricity+Control

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