Housing in Southern Africa March 2015

Cement & Concrete carbon neutral status

optimisation of the arrangement of atoms and molecules in a solid and amorphous state with concrete. “At present Murray & Roberts is the only construction company applying ARC technology on a regular basis,” says Attwell. By using ARC technology we cross- polymerise aggregate with the waste binders used in geopolymer tech- nology at room temperature while absorbing carbon to formaprotective membrane due to the surface tension chemistry reducing the shrinkage and causing a curing membrane which forms automatically. The particular difference in the South African context is a re-engi- neered silicate blend and a chemical designmethodology that reduces the activator requirement fromabout 200 litres per m³ to 20 litres per m³, as used at the City Deep project. “This reduces the normal shrink- age experienced with geopolymer technology from 1% to 0.025% and reducing the requirement for heating during curing,” concludes Attwell. ■

that removes carbon dioxide from the ocean and binds it with calcium oxide to form calcium carbonate or coral around any concrete structures. The growth achieved is about 5 cm a

year, whichworkswell toprotect such structures against mechanical wave action and corrosion.” Another focus area is Advanced Re-Crystallisation (ARC) technology, which refers to the

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