Lighting in Design Q3 2022

www.crown.co.za Q3 - 2022

IESSA Conference report back

An introduction to cannabis lighting

Considerations for data centre illumination

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Ed Space

A fter more than two years of living through a pandemic, the world is eventually starting feel like ‘normal’ again. No more running back into the house to get a mask when popping out to the shops, no more alcohol bans, and no more anxious waits for those dreaded ‘family meetings’. Over recent months, I have noticed a marked increase in launches, exhibitions and events – I even spent two thought-provoking days at the recent IESSA confer ence which you can read all about in this issue. However, how are we coping with a return to a normalised world? “While many people are anxious to return to their former lives, they should not expect to pick up exactly where they left off,” said Dr. Olivia Okereke, a psychiatrist with Harvard-affiliated Massachusetts General Hospital in a recent interview, which I read. “We don’t know how this new reality will look and feel, at least in the short term, so it’s a good idea to begin preparing mentally and emotionally for returning to a sense of normalcy.” While this may seem a bit over-the-top for some, it is a real issue. Browse any job site and you will notice how most positions now offer hybrid working environ ments where off ice-based tasks are restricted to one or two days a week. We have become so accustomed to working from home and conducting meetings via Zoom or Microsoft Teams, that many people are reluctant to go back to meeting face-to-face. Yet the pandemic has had far wider reaching consequences than an averseness to climbing in the car to go out to a meeting or an event. COVID-19 has turned from a global health crisis into a severe economic crisis as the policy responses taken to fight the pandemic have resulted in economic shutdown, leaving millions out of work, with young people, women and less-skilled people worst affected. According to the World Future Council, today there are 1.8 billion people in the world between the ages of 15 and 35 – a quarter of the global population. This is the largest generation of youth and young people the world has ever known. The global recession, however, is expected to result in the loss of f ive to 25 million jobs, and it will be young adults and young people that are most vulner able to unemployment. Across the world, young working people will be the first to lose their jobs, or will have to resort to lower quality, lower paying, insecure or unsafe jobs. A quarter of a billion (267 million) young adults are officially classified as youth NEET. These young adults are not in employment, education or training. Before COVID-19, one in five young adults were NEET, two-thirds of them (181 million) young women. Youth NEETs are not gaining experience in the labour market, receiving income from work, or developing their skills through formal education. So, the question is, what is the lighting industry doing to incentivise or attract this particular group? The demographic at the IESSA Conference didn’t include many young people, while conversations with other attendees revealed a distinct lack of drive in the millennials they have tried to hire. While this may be an unfair generalisation for an entire generation, we would love to hear your thoughts on the topic. Feel free to email me at lighting@crown.co.za

Editor: Gregg Cocking (lighting@crown.co.za) Advertising manager: Carin Hannay (carinh@crown.co.za) Layout: Katlego Montsho • Circulation: Karen Smith Cover: Data Centre Lighting (www.123rf.com) Published by Crown Publications (Pty) Ltd PO Box 140, Bedfordview, 2008 - Tel: +27 (0)11 622 4770 Fax: +27 (0)11 615 6108 - Website: www.crown.co.za ABC 2022 Q2: 6 667 • Printed by: Tandym Print All issues of Lighting in Design can be viewed on our website. Visit www.lightingindesignmagazine.co.za

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EDspace Editor’s comment. Successful return for IESSA conference

After a pandemic enforced hiatus of three years, the Illumination Engineering Society of South Africa (IESSA) was able once again to host its popular annual conference, which brings together members from across the country for two days of learning, knowledge sharing and networking. An introduction to lighting for cannabis growth Contemporary indoor cannabis cultivation usually involves at least one of three artificial light sources: HID, CFL and LED; however, the LED industry for horti cultural applications is growing rapidly due to the number of advantages it has. Considerations for lighting data centres Developments in technology have driven significant changes in the number and size of data centres. Increased use of smart phones, social media and online shopping are examples of behaviours driving these changes, and lighting has had to adapt to ensure data centres are lit with energy-efficient and sustainable solutions. Midrand office boasts Blu2light-based BMS In Vossloh-Schwabe’s Midrand, Johannesburg premises, a Building Management System was specified and installed by partner companies RDL and Wardew. This BMS has been developed with the background of the Blu2Light technology and has been enhanced to control and record diverse applications. Simple, effective lighting for rural mall Flagstaff, located in the ORTambo district in the Eastern Cape, began its existence as a trading post and essentially still serves as a regional node for shopping. The opening of the double-level Flagstaff has set a new standard for rural retail, and the lighting plays a key role in setting the mall apart. The top 4 trends fuelling smart lighting growth Notable innovations in lighting systems have been supporting the growth of the smart lighting market. Additionally, the widespread scope of application of intelligent lighting solutions across varied sectors has aided industry expansion. 22 News Floodlighting solution for new school sports fields by BEKA Schréder; Tridonic receives first electronic lighting component Cradle to Cradle Certified ® in Bronze; and the ultimate retail, commercial and industrial lighting solution from LEDwise.

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Members from the IESSA council at the recent conference; Steffen Schroder, Development (from Reclite), Henk Rotman, Gauteng Branch Chair (Tridonic), Daniel Kasper, IESSA President (Beka Schreder), Alex Cremer, Past President (Nordland Lighting), and Pieter du Toit, CIE (NMISA).

Successful return for IESSA conference After a pandemic enforced hiatus of three years, the Illumination Engineering Society of South Africa (IESSA) was able once again to host its popular annual conference which brings together members from across the country for two days of learning, knowledge sharing and networking. Hosted at the lavish Blueberry Hill Hotel in Randburg, the conference saw approximately 40 members joining in person to listen to a range of lighting-related presentations, while a number of members from outside of the province joined in online.

I ESSA President, Daniel Kasper was happy with both the turnout and the course which the event took. “You only notice when you don’t have it how much face-to-face interactions impact the industry,” he said. “The feedback I received from the members was very good, with many comple menting the quality and the diversity of the papers.” Kasper admits that for the 2022 conference the association wanted a smaller scale relaunch to test the waters, but the response was positive and IESSA will aim for bigger attendance next year.

Day 1 Af ter a cup of cof fee and a muf f in, Kasper welcomed all in attendance and those attending virtually on the first day of the conference. “I am looking forward to the invaluable interactions over the next two days, something which we have missed over the past few years,” he noted. Kasper then introduced the keynote speaker for the day Letitia Van der Merwe, Managing Director of Inavit iQ Learning, an industrial psychologist by profession, noting that IESSA wanted someone

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“Zhaga-D4i is def ining the ‘USB’ equivalent of smart street lighting. For end users, it is an ‘open’ standard, not manufacturer specific, rather industry specific, so you can use luminaires from different manufacturers.” Going forward, Rotman stated that smart cities should start specifying D4i and Zhaga compliant streetlights, while data management and how it can be beneficial will be an important topic. Down l o a d t h e p r e s en t a t i on : h t t p s : // b i t . ly/3RqHM9c Af ter a tea break , Lasse Ehmsen, Signi f y Product Manager for 3D Pr inted Luminai res , p r e s en t ed v i r t ua l l y f r om E i ndhoven , t he Netherlands, on ‘The Power of Innovation, Growth through Open Standards’. He started of f with a self-explanatory slide – innovate or die. “80% of business executives think their current business models are at risk, while 84% say that innovation is important in their growth strategy,” he explained. Innovation strength is not only about success, and is not about technical products, it is about the problems they solve and the value they create. He suggested that people should get inspired by different industries and different business models. Interestingly, he mentioned that Signif y is currently awaiting a patent update on a new, special ised outdoor l ighting spectrum which will create a safer environment with less traf f ic accidents through bet ter visibi l i t y, at lower comparable light levels and lower electrical power. Fur thermore, he spoke about a dual channel outdoor driver, FlexTune, which creates better visibility or higher comfort through lighting which adjusts to external conditions and/or the time of day or night. This innovation allows users to control two output channels in one driver for CCT settings or special adjustments. One further innovation mentioned by Ehmsen was dynamic cyan enhanced LED modules to support the human body to calibrate its sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythm. The aim is to introduce light sources with a very high melanopic daylight efficacy ration (mDER) to achieve the melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (melanopic EDI). Down l o a d t h e p r e s en t a t i on : h t t p s : // b i t . ly/3R5h1XM Later in the day, Greg Olivier, design engineer from GT Developments, an electronics engineer with over 20 years’ experience, presented on ‘Bluetooth Mesh Lighting Networks as an IoT backbone’. He stated that, “The lighting industry is uniquely positioned to be the backbone for network infrastructure as generally the lighting network is already there, and covers the entire site.” He

from outside of the industry to give the attendees something to think about. He r d i s c u s s i o n , e n t i t l e d ‘ B o o s t Yo u r Psychological Immune System,’ aimed to help attendees become fitter from a mental perspective. She di scussed psychologi cal immuni t y and emotional resilience, the ability to bounce back from difficult situations. She noted that she has not seen workplace and personal life stressors this high in twenty years. Of interest was the fact that all of us suf fer from a negative bias, where we tend to register negative stimuli more readily than positive ones, and dwell on those negative events. “Scientif ic research has shown that repetitive negative thinking may increase the risk of Alzheimer ’s Disease,” she explained. To combat this, people can practice reframing their thoughts, separate emotions from the facts, and regularly practice gratitude by taking time to notice and reflect upon the things they are thankful for. Down l o a d t h e p r e s en t a t i on : h t t p s : // b i t . ly/3wEfijZ Next, Henk Rotman, Business Development Manager at Tr idonic and the IESSA Gauteng chai rman, del ivered his paper : ‘From bal last to brain, The LED driver as key component for realising smar t street lighting’. He noted that smart lighting is the backbone for smart cities and can be considered an anchor application for a smar t city. His presentation focused on the recent developments at the lowest level (intelligent components) which greatly facilitate the implementation of smart street lighting. He looked at the relevance of temperature management; with the changeover to LED technology, ‘day burning’, where street lights are left to run during the day, might become a problem as LEDs and the drivers are sensitive to heat, shortening their lifetime and risking early failure. Full feature LED outdoor drivers can help in addressing this challenge, he said. Rotman s tated that the ma in cha l l enge behind implementing smart street lighting is that everyone wants dif ferent things; including the choice of system and the communication protocol. Other challenges include interoperability and scalability, and finally, budgetary issues. He then discussed the Latest LED developments and the standardization of the smart LED drivers, sensors and communication devices. “To accelerate the use of this new set-up, a standard has been def ined specif ying how the smar t LED driver, sensors and communication devices interact ; the standard is called D4i (DALI for IoT). Sensors and communication devices are standardised according to Zhaga book 18,” he explained.

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noted that while Bluetooth wasn’t intended to be a short distance protocol, its biggest uptake was for audio/mobile. Innovations which Olivier mentioned, included MEMS microphones which can send emergency services to the scene of an accident just by the lights ‘hearing’ a crash. Other applications include air quality analysis, people and car counting, motion detection, noise pollution, power monitoring and power theft detection. “It is incredibly powerful what you can do by installing IoT luminaires,” he concluded. After a delicious rooftop lunch at the hotel’s restaurant, attendees settled down again to listen to Simon Poo from Signify talking on how the company’s Interact IoT has had a big impact on reducing energy consumptions in the hospitality industry. Poo is a lighting designer and lighting speci f i cat ion special i s t wi th over 16 year s ’ experience. He noted that hotels are a big player in terms of energy consumption; hotel rooms consume double the energy per floor unit compared to a similar sized office. However, the IoT has the solutions to deal with this. Interact is a portfolio of tailormade software applications specifically designed to bring together connected lighting systems and the data these systems collect. “Interact IoT helps hotels to reduce electrical consumption, by, for instance, programming lights to come on when guests walk into the room, turning the air conditioning on automatically, and if the curtains are motorised, opening them when the door to the room is opened,” he said. Interact Hospitality, designed with the IoT in mind, delivers real-time, operational transparency across the entire property and offers an enhanced guest experience, guest safety and well-being. Nex t up was a presentat ion by Technical Lighting Engineer for CLASP, Bjorn Smidt-Hart, who spoke on how to do a lighting design for street and area lighting. He explained that the purpose behind street and area lighting includes visibility, safety, security, community and well-being and that lighting standards promote good practice. However, he did ask attendees to consider SANS 10098 A Class roadways . “What should the luminance values be to the side of you or behind you? It is best to comply to the standards, but use good lighting practice and lighting designs that are fit for purpose,” he said. The responsibilities of a lighting designer are to prioritise public health and safety; be competent; take responsibility and ownership of the design; and be held accountable. Finally, he took delegated through a few examples and street lighting case studies. Down l o a d t h e p r e s en t a t i on : h t t p s : // b i t . ly/3cBxzrB Af ter a shor t caf feine break , Smidt-Har t

returned to explore Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) for street lighting luminaires. A collaboration between SANEDI and CLASP is aiming for an energy efficient standard for street light luminaires. “As 82% of roads in SA are state owned, wi thin the DMREs Energy Ef f iciency Demand Side Management (EEDSM) Programme, participating municipalities are able to optimise their use of energy, with expected electricity saving potential for street lighting of at least 40%,” he explained. He pointed out successful examples such as the Cape Agulhas Municipality which is lit 100% by LED street light luminaires. However, there are issues, including poor products being speci f ied, poor instal lations, costly exercises to replace poor quality luminaires, dif f iculty in maintenance, public safety being af fected, and additional environmental impact and waste. He implored that MEPS should promote national standardisation and regulations of street lighting luminaires, with standardised minimum energy savings being obtained. “This will create stimulus within industry, local content, and a reduced impact on the environment, amongst others.” Down l o a d t h e p r e s en t a t i on : h t t p s : // b i t . ly/3pVLvj5 Closing the day out, Mark D. Williams-Wynn, R&D manager at eWaste Af r ica presented on ‘ The 21 s t centur y chal lenge: design for reuse, remanufacture and recycling.’ He discussed the circular economy in terms of lighting, imploring companies to be restorative and regenerative by design, and new ideas and practices, as well as exploring life cycle analysis (LCA). This is a method used to evaluate the environmental impact of a product from cradle to grave – the impact of every part of the production and use of a particular product – and takes into consideration aspects such as the impacts of sourcing raw materials, inputs used in manufacturing process, number of times the product is used, and the final waste disposal method. He noted that difficulties in waste management often include the impact of designs: using glue and epoxies, welding and sealing of components, unusual screws and fasteners, and security conditions caused by maintenance. Af ter a f inal Q&A session, the formal i ties of the day were wrapped up and the delegates congregated at the rooftop bar for cocktails and a networking event. Down l o a d t h e p r e s en t a t i on : h t t p s : // b i t . ly/3TrCzj9 Day 2 A cold Johannesburg morning greeted the attendees on the second day which kicked off with a presentation by Patricia Schröder from Light Cycle SA. Light Cycle’s mandate is to ensure that

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that as a global organisation, CIE can assist in the research on this condition. He concluded by saying that light and lighting has undergone fundamental changes in recent years, and as such CIE have decided to create the position of CIE Vice President Education. Down l o a d t h e p r e s en t a t i on : h t t p s : // b i t . ly/3wICi1u For the last presentation of the conference, Jo Anderson and Michel le Ludwig f rom the GBCSA joined vir tual ly f rom Cape Town and discussed GBCSA’s green building certif ication scheme, prov iding an over v iew of GBCSA’s approach to lighting in Green Star rated buildings. “What new chal lenges mus t we respond to, how should Green Star respond to these challenges, and what will define world leadership in the next decade?” they asked. Sustainability megatrends over the past 10 years have included climate action, resource ef f iciency and health and wellbeing, and these form the basis of the New Build tool. For lighting, the predecessor had prescriptive efficiency pointers for lighting, looking at power density and lighting zoning and efficiency. For the new tool, performance will fall under an energy use and commissioning category. The second point looks at the health and wellbeing of the occupant, including lighting comfort, daylight and glare control, and finally, it looks at protecting ecology, in the form of light pollution. Down l o a d t h e p r e s en t a t i on : h t t p s : // b i t . ly/3wE9jvG At the conclusion of the presentations, IESSA president Kasper hosted a f inal Q&A session to wrap up the conference. “Thank you to all of the presenters and those who put the whole event together. It was good to have these engagements again, some of which have been quite in-depth and passionate.” He noted that one of the biggest pillars for IESSA is education, and he wants to interact with other associations and share knowledge. “As the only independent body representing lighting in South Africa, we are the right organisation to work with public entities,” he explained. “Furthermore, when government wants to implement legislation, we are the people they come to. We can take the proposals to our members and report back to government, thereby playing a vital role in implementing change.” He notes that it is essential for the industry not to sit back and wait, but to actively manage changes. Whi le the pandemic was not easy for the council, the response to the conference has been overwhelmingly positive, and Kasper wants to seize the initiative and attract more attendees next year.

suppliers are compliant – new leadership has been ef fected from 1 August 2022, and the NPC has been assisted by experts to set up governance structures and systems to ensure balance of power and independent thinking. This was followed by an impassioned Q&A session where Schröder allayed fears about the role of Light Cycle SA going forward, wanting to work together with producers and recyclers for the betterment of the industry. “Be part of the solution,” she said, “Help us build the system going forward, come and engage and work with the PRO.” Numerous manufacturers joined in the discussion. Down l o a d t h e p r e s en t a t i on : h t t p s : // b i t . ly/3wHOXlj Next, Pieter du Toit from NMISA presented a paper titled ‘Measurement of efficacy and safety of UVGI devices available on the market’. “Covid raised the awareness of UV for disinfection,” he noted, “So much so that you can even buy devices on Takealot. With all these products on the market, people may be unaware of the dangers, and the products could be ineffective and unsafe.” NMISA purchased three readily available devices online to test their ef f icacy. “There is no international consensus for a standard UV germicidal action spectrum, as every micro-organism may have its own. It also depends on the medium, and the radiant exposure does differ between micro organism,” he explained. NMISA determined spectral distribution of the three devices, then used a UV radiometer to determine the effective dose for specific exposure times. Results were concerning, especially where devices emi t ted UVA , ef fec t ively cancel l ing things out as some micro-organisms can repair themselves under UVA. Elsewhere, f ilters were not always blocking what they were supposed to. He concluded that it is important that standards be set going forward to ensure that products available to both industry and the general public, actually do what they claim. “If you can, get the product measured first,” he advised. Peter Blat tner, President of Internat ional Commission on Illumination (CIE), then joined the conference online from Switzerland where he presented the highlights of the current activities of the CIE. Activities the commission are involved in currently include LED photometry, Temporal Light Modulation, Appearance and 3D printing, Glare and Dynamic Lighting, amongst others. Blattner also presented on the role of light and lighting conditions in the prevention, development and mitigation of myopia (short-sightedness), a condition which is showing increased prevalence across the world. Evidence shows a light-stimulated increase in dopamine release from the retina, and he believes

www.iessa.org.za

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An introduction to lighting for cannabis growth Contemporary indoor cannabis cultivation usually involves at least one of three artificial light sources: HID, CFL and LED; however, the LED industry for horticultural applications is growing rapidly due to the number of advantages it has.

C ultivators have been using natural light from the sun for years in greenhouses, although it isn’t always practical. This is where full spectrum LED grow lights come in as they mimic the sun’s natural light as closely as possible. Light spectrum is the range of wavelengths produced by a light. “As growers, we’re most interested in the wavelengths that are relevant to plants,” notes Nico Cahna from InDorSun. Plants detect wavelengths that include ultraviolet radiation (260–380 nm) and most of the visible spectrum which includes PAR (400–700 nm), and far-red radiation (700–850 nm). Full spectrum is what we are looking for. This includes all colours within the PAR zone. Light spectrum impact on cannabis plant Plants react to different spectrums, the ratio mix of different spectrums within a light is what makes the light different. • Violet (315-400nm): Improved THC and resin accumulation through defence mechanisms. • Blue (400-500nm) : Chloroplast and chlorophyl l development , leaf growth, compactness, regulates response to shade and stress.

• Green (500-565nm): Early stem growth, small amounts promote growth, large amounts can aggravate the stomata and cause lower THC. • Yellow (565-590nm): Mixed data, with the addition of yellow and green light, the result appears white to the human eye. Making it easier to identify and detect pests, pathogens and deficiencies. • Orange ( 590 - 625nm) : L i t t le data available, some increased yields. • Red ( 590 -700nm) : Improves l eaf nutrients, chlorophyll production and healthier seedlings. • Far red (700-780nm): Improves plant cell development, increase in overall growth, regulates flowering, mediates stresses. What is PAR? Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) is the measure of total par that a light source produces; the total amount of light in the PAR zone that is produced by a light source is measured in micromoles per second or μmol·s-1. When purchasing LED grow lights, PAR is an important consideration because the more PAR your light can produce, the more PAR available to plants, the better they will grow.

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separate control of the FR circuit. This enables the grower to use FR as a tool, either on its own or with broad spectrum white light. How does it work The phenomenon is not new and is known as the Emerson ef fect. Rober t Emerson (1957) found out that plants exposed simultaneously to light of shorter and longer wavelengths then 680 nm, have much more efficient photosynthesis than if they are exposed to only shorter or longer wavelengths separately. It happens because photosynthesis i s dr iven by two photosys tems which work in synergy. It can be compared to two pump mechanisms used to transport energy. The f irst pump or photosystem uses red photons to pump up electrons on a higher level. The second pump or photosystem uses far-red photons to pump up electrons even further. High energy photons are used to synthetize basic building biochemicals which can be used to make different substances e.g. sugars. The efficiency of the system is highest when both pumps work together in a balanced way. Using laser diodes to obtain extremely narrow wavebands, Zhen et al. (2018) found that photons from 703 to 731 nm tended to be more efficient at increasing photochemical efficiency than photons below 703 nm or above 731 nm FR. Photons of wavelength above 752 nm are not ef fective in enhancing photochemical efficiency as they are no longer used by the first photosystem due to low photon energy and absorption. Far-red light increases the ability of plants to capture light Plants use light not only as a source of energy (i.e., in the process of photosynthesis), but also for information about the surrounding environment. Because plant leaves absorb blue and red light ef f iciently while FR light is mostly ref lected or filtrated, the light under a plant’s leaves contains propor tionally more far-red and less blue and red light than direct sunlight. An increase in the proportion of FR photons in the growth spectrum is therefore perceived by plants as information that they are shaded and at risk of being overgrown by other plants. In response they will try to get taller, i.e., extend their stem and leaf petioles, to overgrow the competition. Some plants can also try to increase their light capture by increasing leaf area and reducing production of sunscreen type pigments (anthocyanins). Plants with a taller, looser canopy will also capture more light when compared with those hav ing more compac t form. Because they dedicate most of the avai lable resources to extension growth, shaded plants reduce branching and decrease production of some biochemical compounds. Some species may also react to shade by flowering as soon as possible to produce seeds

What is PPF? Photosynthetic Photon Flux (PPF) is the term we use to define the measurement of PAR. Its underlying value determines how much PAR your LED grow lights can produce per second. The PPF measurement helps you understand how much of the light your fixtures are producing, which can be used by your marijuana plants for photosynthesis. PPF is measured in micromoles per second or “µMol /s”, where one mi cromole i s equal to approx imate l y 602 quadr i l l ion photons . Measuring your PPF properly requires a thorough understanding of the process and a little bit of mathematical subtleness and patience. And while there are PPF measurement tools that can be purchased from the open market, you might work with a trusted partner who can help you choose the perfect LED grow lights that are efficient enough to provide the desired PAR and PPF. What i s PPFD? Photosynthet i c Photon Flux Density (PPFD) is the third and f inal part of the PAR equation. PPFD is the intensity of PAR light that lands on a square metre each second. It is measured in micromoles per square metre per second (μmol ·m-2·s-1) PPFD is how much PPF is hitting each square metre of your crop at any given second. Far-red (FR) light is a waveband at the extreme end of the visible light spectrum. It is regarded as wavelengths between 700 and 780 nanometers (nm). To human eyes, FR is only dimly visible, but it plays a very important biological role for plant growth and yield. FR has long been cons idered to have a minimal input in photosynthesis and is excluded from the definition of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR; 400 to 700 nm). It is because the photosynthetic ef f iciency of monochromatic FR light sharply declines with the wavelength. FR is largely reflected and transmitted by plant leaves, and only about 30% is absorbed. Several recent studies have shown that far-red photons interact with shorter wavelength photons to increase ef f iciency of photosynthesis. Zhen and Bugbee (2020) have studied the effect of FR on whole plant photosynthesis for 14 dif ferent crop species. They concluded that adding far-red photons to a spectrum of shorter wavelengths (e.g., broad white spectrum) caused an increase in canopy photosynthesis equal to adding additional light from PAR range (400-700 nm) of the same intensity. The effect was wavelength dependent. The authors postulated that radiation between 700 and 750 nm should be included in the definition of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR). InDorSun offers the majority of its fixtures with Far-red: The light which plays an important role in plant growth

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before the competitors take available resources. On the other hand, plants grown in the spectra without FR light are usually more compact, branched, and have smaller, thicker, and darker leaves. The choice of strategy and magni tude of reaction depends on plant species, but responses to FR ratios in grow light spectrum are common to all plants. In plant production, the natural responses can be used to regulate plant appearance, shape and height as well as maximize yield by increasing light capture or enhancing flowering with adjustments to the red to far-red ratio in the grow light spectrum. Far-red light plays an important role in regulation of flowering In nature, reproduction of plants must follow seasons. The exception are species growing at the equator. Many (but not all) plant species regulate their flowering time according to the length of the night. The species and varieties which flower at late spring and summer, when the nights are short, are called long-day plants. Species and varieties which flower with longer nights are called short day-plants. Because plants use the same system to sense the length of the night as they use to sense the presence of far-red light, flowering of photoperiod sensitive plants can be regulated by using LED lights with dif ferent red to FR ratios. For example, flowering of short-day plants can be inhibited by day extension with light having high red to FR ratio. In many long-day plants, the presence of FR in a grow light spectrum substantially shortens the time needed for flowers to initiate and set in comparison to plants grown under lights without FR. It happens because a mixture of FR radiation increases plant size and photosynthesis, and thus allows plants to gather more energy for reproduction (Park and Runkle, 2017). There are plant species and varieties which do not flower at all if grown under a grow light without FR in the spectrum. Far-red in a spectrum of grow lights for indoor environment The proportion of FR in a grow light spectrum af fects all three major factors which determine crop yield, which are ef f iciency at which the absorbed photons are converted into biomass, effectiveness of radiation capture and dry matter partitioning to the harvested portion of the crop (Zhen and Bugbee, 2020). Therefore, choosing the lights with the appropriate proportion of red to FR ratio is one of the key factors for successful indoor plant production. References: Zhen S . , B. Bugbee (2020) Far- red photons have equ i va l ent e f f i c i enc y to t r ad i t i ona l

photosynthetic photons: impl ications for re defining photosynthetically active radiation. Plant Cell Environ 43:1259-1272 https://doi.org/10.1111/ pce.13730 Zhen S., M. Haidekker, M.W. van Iersel (2018) Far-red light enhances photochemical efficiency in a wavelength-dependent manner. Phys. Plant. doi:10.1111/ppl.12834 Craig D. S. , E. S. Runkle (2013) A Moderate to High Red to Far-red Light Ratio from Light emit ting Diodes Controls Flowering of Shor t day Plants. Biology 138:167-172 DOI :10.21273/ jashs.138.3.167 Park , Yuj in & Runk le, Er ik . (2017). Far- red Radiat ion Promotes Growth of Seedl ings by Increasing Leaf Expansion and Whole-plant Net Assimilation. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 136. 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2016.12.013. Kalaitzoglou P., W. van Ieperen, J. Harbinson, M. van der Meer, S. Martinakos, K. Weerheim, C.C.S. Nicole, L.F.M. Marcelis (2019). Ef fects of continuous or end of- day far-red light on tomato plant growth, morphology, light absorption, and fruit production. Front. Plant Sci. 10, 322. https:// doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00322 Ji Y. , T. Ouzounis, S. Courbierb, E. Kaiser, P. T. Nguyen, H. J. Schoutenc, R . G. F. Visser, R . Pierik, L.F.M. Marcelis, E. Heuvelink (2019) Far-red radiation increases dry mass partitioning to fruits but reduces Botrytis cinerea resistance in tomato Environ. Exp. Bot. 168 https://doi.org/10.1016/j. envexpbot.2019.103889 INDORSUN InDorSun is a proudly South African LED manufacturer whose founders originated from the solar and PV industry developing energy efficient solutions for a wide variety of industries. With manufacturing partner Giantlight, InDorSun have shone the light on cannabis horticultural lighting. Together the companies manufacture LED grow lights which produce full-spectrum light that replicates the colour of the sun. GIANTLIGHT Giantlight is at the forefront of lighting technology – specifi cally solid state lighting and everything relating to LEDs and special effects. The company strives to remain the market leader in new and innovative lighting applications and contin ually brings new products to the market first. From design through manufacture and installation, Giantlight projects make a visual statement. Giantlight offers a comprehensive effect lighting solution. https://www.heliospectra.com/groers-center/ far-red-light-which-makes-a-difference

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Considerations for lighting data centres Developments in technology have driven significant changes in the number and size of data centres. Increased use of smart phones, social media, and online shopping are examples of behaviours driving these changes, and lighting has had to adapt to ensure data centres are lit

with energy-efficient and sustainable solutions. D ata centres are power hungry spaces, consuming lots of electricity and costing businesses millions to operate each year. Most of the energy usage is driven by servers and the HVAC systems needed to keep them cool, with lighting only representing between 3-5%, which is why it’s often overlooked as an area that can make a significant contribution to lowering energy consumption. However, as in most applications, lighting is the simplest way to achieve improved efficiencies and introducing intelligent and efficient LED lighting solutions to replace traditional light sources can drive up to 65% in energy savings as wel l as signif icantly lowering the heat generated by a facility’s lighting. Installing efficient, durable and reliable lighting solutions is critically important to ensure these information factories always remain operational. Good lighting in plant rooms helps maintenance staff and computer engineers identify and address issues, whilst improved cable management and inspection can be achieved by ensuring efficient lighting in data halls. Data centres have stringent access controls and absolute precision is required when working around tightly spaced server cages and fibre optic cables.

By installing effective LED solutions that deliver the correct light levels needed in different areas, these practical challenges are well handled. However, with controls to optimise efficiency and design to make maintenance as non-disruptive as possible, signif icant savings can be achieved. Intelligent lighting systems can drive even more savings in energy consumption with an outstanding level of performance, offering a sustainable solution. To get a better idea of the lighting requirements of a data centre, a number of questions were put to Chris Gijzelaar from local lighting manufacturer, Regent Lighting Solutions (RLS): Q: Which areas need to be considered when lighting data centres and their surrounds? A: Essentially there are two areas: • Hot aisles: The rows the heated exhausts pour into are called hot aisles. Typically, hot aisles face air conditioner return ducts. A containment system isolates hot aisles and cold aisles from each other and prevents hot and cold air from mixing. • Cold aisles: In the simplest form, the rows which are composed of the rack fronts are called the cold aisles. The rack fronts face

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• The use of motion sensors is a common method to reduce energy consumpt ion however due to the conditions within hot aisles - high ambient temperatures and excessive airflow – completely rules out the use of motion sensors. Frequency sensors such as Microwave or Ultra-sonic detect any type of movement. People, animals, plants, blinds, curtains etc. Even air movement when there is enough of it thus in this application increases the risk of the lights staying on. Passive infrared sensors pick up changes in temperature. In this case, the high ambient temperature interferes with the sensors ability to detect a person entering the aisles thus increasing the risk of lights not turning on at all. • Cold aisles are not as tricky but still present their own challenge, excessive airf low. Still too much to use a frequency-based sensor however the use of Passive infrared sensors can work well as the ambient temperature is low enough where the differential between air or surrounding material and a person is enough to trigger the sensor. • Another way of maximizing energy savings is by implement ing a technology cal led corridor function. This requires dimmable LED fittings coupled to an appropriately selected motion sensor for the required application. Rather than completely turning the lights off when no movement is detected and thus adversely affecting CCTV and user comfort, the luminaires are dimmed to a lower intensity and brightened when a person enters the environment. • An often-overlooked benefit of implementing control strategies is that they reduce the operational hours and temperatures of the light fittings and thus increase their life span as well as reduces their lumen depreciation. Q: How do you ensure that lighting is able to support video surveillance usage even when the data centre is not occupied? A: For this to happen, minimum light levels need to be stated. Furthermore, a corridor function can be implemented where the luminaires dim down to a certain percentage when there is no occupation. Lighting designers should ensure that high quality drivers are used with no flicker to ensure crisp clear video, and use minimum CRI 80 LED to ensure proper light quality

each other with the cold air getting pumped into these rows.

Q: Advantages of LED lighting for data centres include immediate energy, instant illumination with no warm-up, flicker-free light performance, and being cooler to run. What are the other benefits of LEDs for these humid, data-critical environments? A: Advantages of LEDs include: • Longer Lifetime due to less lumen depreciation. • Less maintenance due to longer lifetime. • Aesthetics: The ability to incorporate LED lighting into modern architecture. • Efficiency: Most of the energy consumed by the luminaire is converted into light. • Ability to handle temperature fluctuations. • Controllability of LED. • The quality of light produced. Q: Data centres are known for virtualisation and automation among other things; how does lighting assist in these areas? A: Lighting only the area where the light is needed, reduces the energy consumption dramatically especially in hot aisles. Lighting in hot aisles only on when needed reduces risk of premature failure, and improved safety through better illumination. Q: How are motion sensors used in data centre lighting? • Imp l ement i ng cont r o l s t r a t eg i e s i nto applications is a great way to reduce energy consumption. Not only is this beneficial for the electricity bill but this also plays a large role in reducing the connected load when generators or UPS systems need to operate. • Selecting control strategies to implement into Data Centre’s can be particularly difficult as areas such as hot and cold aisles present unique challenges.

Q: What level of lux is recommended?

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A: Both the Hot Aisle and the Cold Aisle require an average lux level of 500Lx.

Q: Which RLS fittings are ideally suited for data centres?

• R-Lines in hot aisles. • Linears in hot aisles. • NASA General illumination. • Panel lights in cold aisle. • Downlighters in cold aisle.

www.regentlight.co.za

The advantages of LED lights in data centres

consume a substantial amount of power. In such a scenario, office authorities can decide on industrial indoor LED lighting solutions in order to ensure savings on electricity consumption. The leading commercial lighting manufacturers asser t LEDs are the most energy ef f icient lighting solutions in the world as they are nearly 80% more ef f icient than traditional lighting solutions. LEDs generate less heat Unl ike tradi tional l ighting appl iances that emi t a considerable amount of heat , LED luminaires convert almost 95% of electricity into illumination and waste only 5% as heat. This is one of the primary benefits of installing LED lights in data centres as excess heat can make the facility prone to accidents or mishaps. For instance, LED luminaires like Iris SQ from Wipro Lighting are also equipped with heat sink capabilities to ensure ef f icient thermal management and longevity of the appliance. LEDs are dimmable Data centres typically remain isolated and do not experience a lot of movement. However, they may still require instant inspection of cables and other equipment in case of urgency. In such cases, possessing dimmable capabilities makes LED luminaires the best option for illuminating these areas. Authorities can connect LED lights with smart sensors in order to ensure proper and quick illumination for seamless functionality. Moreover, LEDs are capable of furnishing uniform and comforting illumination throughout the space. This promotes smooth and optimal conduct of operations while also ensuring the health and wellness of the employees.

The introduction of LED lighting technology has initiated one of the biggest revolutions in the global lighting industry. Earlier, all commercial businesses were leveraged to rely on traditional lighting solutions, typically based on incandescent bulbs or compact fluorescent lights (CFLs). Though these lighting solutions somehow provided modest illumination levels, they still fell short on various parameters like durability, sustainability, efficacy, and eff iciency. On the other hand, LED lighting solutions overcame al l these l imi tations and gradually emerged as the top preference for all business verticals and commercial sectors. A majority of commercial sectors, especially the IT and software industry have acknowledged the use of LED lights in their workspaces and fragile areas like data centres. Data centres are referred to as those facilities that typically house complex computer-related components and systems. They centralize an organisation’s shared IT operations and equipment for stor ing, processing, and circulating the data. As per the l eading commerc i a l l ight ing manufacturers, l ighting is a pivotal aspect in sensitive and vulnerable data centre facilities. Proper illumination ensures that the operations are conduc ted seamlessly and an er ror- f ree environment is maintained. Thus, authorities typically decide on the installation of indoor LED lighting solutions in such areas. Here are some advantages of using LED lights in data centres: LEDs are energy efficient Data centres typically house a complex network of electrical appliances and heavy machinery that

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Midrand office boasts Blu2light-based BMS

In Vossloh-Schwabe’s Midrand, Johannesburg premises (offices, showrooms and warehouse), a Building Management System was specified and installed by partner companies RDL and Wardew. This BMS has been developed with the background of the Blu2Light technology and has been enhanced to control and record diverse applications. The installation has been designed, installed and monitored for more than a year to gain experience, especially in the challenging African environment.

B lu2light can be operated as a modular base for complete Building Management Systems (BMS) to control an entire building complex using a Bluetooth Mesh or wired instal lation networks. This Blu2light installation in the VS Africa building in Midrand was a first of its kind for Vossloh-Schwabe in South Africa. RDL Consulting was hi red by VS Af r ica to ensure that ever y Blu2Light installation is functioning according to the required specifications. The BMS access and communication is realised with the license free VS-Gateway, connected to a PLC (programmable logic controller), a combination which makes basically everything possible. The following section explains the various functions of the Blu2Light-based BMS and the reasons for the success of the system. System functions and scenarios Power monitoring: Due to the power monitoring the failure of a luminaire can mostly be attributed to the failure of phase, neutral or overvoltage. Live camera footage: In the building is a small test laboratory where thermal and lighting performance

tests are conducted. A smoke detector has been installed in the room. If smoke is detected, an email is sent to the building’s operations manager as well as a link to the camera, which provides immediate footage of the potential fire hazard. Air quality: Blu2light Air sensors are installed in the VS Africa of f ices. They monitor and record the air temperature, humidity, and CO 2 levels. Limits can be set for each value. When the CO 2 levels drop too low, an email can be sent to the employees, giving them the option to switch on the air conditioning or to act manually and open a window. UV-C air purifier units: Furthermore, professional UV-C air purifier units are installed throughout the building, for example in the kitchen and bathrooms to sanitise the air with UV-C rays. These open channel UV-C purifiers should never be on when the room is occupied, to eliminate possible health risks. The devices have been connected to the Blu2Light lighting control system via DALI relays and are set to be switched on every night at 11pm until 3am. If any presence is detected in the building, the UV-C air purifier units are switched off immediately.

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