Lighting in Design Q4 2019

Lighting and the Circular Economy

By Henk Rotman

Both the Global Lighting Association and Lighting Europe publish ‘road maps’ for the lighting industry. The road maps from these organisations mention well-known developments such as intelligent and human-centric lighting, but also indicate an increased role for a lesser known concept, the ‘Circular Economy’.

T raditionally, economies are based on a one- way or linear model of production and con- sumption, meaning goods are produced using raw materials, sold, used and then thrown away or incinerated as waste. The realisation that there are limits to the linear economy is growing. At some point in the future the availability of raw materials will becomesa challenge owing to upcoming depletion of certain elements combined with higher demand due to economic and popu- lation growth. At the same time we can expect higher costs for raw materials based on growing demand, the fact that we have harvested the ‘low hanging fruit’, while environmental concerns will also trigger price increases. Finally, growing concerns regarding the waste generated by the linear economy (with the discussions raging on regarding the plastic waste in our oceans as proof of point) combined with landfills reaching their limits are other important factors for looking to alternatives to the linear economy. Alternatives to the linear economy A well-known alternative to the linear economy is an economy based on recycling, where materials are re-used. For example, waste glass is used to make new glass and waste paper is used to make

new paper. Recycling is the first step in creating a circular economy that is restorative and regenera- tive by intention and design. Principles of the Circular Economy The Circular Economy is based on the following three principles: 1. Products are designed to prevent waste and optimised for a cycle of disassembly and re- use. Any product design has to take many things into account: it must do what it is supposed to do, meet relevant safety (and performance) standards, be easy to produce, meet cost tar- gets, etc. The Circular Economy adds an extra dimension to product design, as the product needs to be designed for serviceability, which is the ability to extend both the technical and the economic lifetime of the product. 2. The energy required to fuel the cycle of disas- sembly and re-use as mentioned under point 1 should be renewable by nature (e.g. generated by solar or wind). 3. The Circular Economy replaces the concept of a consumer with that of a user. The three principles and their relevance to lighting The first (and most important) principle of the Circular Economy is that the product is designed for serviceability, prolonging the technical and eco- nomic lifetime of the product, after it has been put into service. Examples of the above are: - Repair of hardware or software (e.g. replace LED module or update LED driver software). - Replace components or software for better per- formance or additional functionality (e.g. mount a new LED module with higher efficacy). - Increase the luminaire functionality by adding a component such as a sensor.

From a linear to a circular economy

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LiD Q4 - 2019