Modern Mining December 2021

traditional flowsheet developed by Sasol and piloted in their pilot plant.” He says the enhanced flowsheet is expected to deliver a higher-value product as it delivers the full value of the separated rare earth metal oxides. By comparison, Rainbow’s Gakara project in Western Burundi produces a high-grade mineral concentrate, which has been sold to China for further down- stream beneficiation and processing, so realising approximately 30% of the contained rare earths metal oxide value. “The traditional flowsheet developed by Sasol, on the other hand, would produce a mixed rare earth carbonate, realising between 60 and 65% of the con- tained metal oxide value, compared to the 100% of the metal oxide value we would achieve by going further downstream to produce separated, individual oxides as a per the enlarged PEA scope of work.” Bennett expects Capex and Opex savings com- pared to the initial traditional flow sheet to produce a mixed rare earth carbonate for further processing in a dedicated separation facility. Only the high value rare earths (dysprosium, terbium, neodymium and praseodymium), which represent 95% of the Phalaborwa rare earths bas- ket value, will be separated and recovered. This will enable the company to capture the full benefit of

additional value from downstream processing with- out superfluous capital and operating expenditure which would be needed to separate all the individual rare earth elements present in the stacks. The outcome of a successful trade-off study will enable Phalaborwa to deliver the increased value of the separated rare earth oxides through a single, low capital-intensity processing plant at the project site. “Owing to the unique nature of Phalaborwa, we are already able to progress to the downstream ben- eficiation process by producing a mixed rare earth carbonate, rather than a mineral concentrate,” says Bennett. 

Key takeaways  The deal struck at COP26 has codified new rules to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including the gradual phasing down of fossil fuel consump- tion and the reduction of the global carbon market  Key to achieving this will be the advancement of the green revolution, which aims to facilitate the greater utilisation of renewable energies. The low- carbon greener technologies, however, have an intensive mineral demand  Central to the mineral demand are rare earth elements – in particular, Neodymium and Praseodymium and Dysprosium  With its exciting project-in-development in South Africa, Rainbow Rare Earths is well positioned to meet the anticipated demand and supply gap

December 2021  MODERN MINING  15