Eskom Procurement Book 2015

PURCHASING ANALYSIS TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES

8.4.4 TYPES OF PROCESS MAPS

There are two main types of process maps: linear process maps and cross- functional process maps. Both types are used to describe how work gets done though the cross-functional map also shows who (which functions) is involved in getting it done. A linear process map is a type of flow chart. Basic flowcharting conventions apply using symbols: a box, an ellipse, a diamond, a square and an arrow. A terminator or ellipse symbol shows the start and stop points in a process. When used as a start symbol, terminators depict a trigger action that sets the process flow in motion. A box is used to indicate a single accomplishment (or step) in a process. The box is labelled, using the past tense form of the verb to describe the accomplishment. Each box is assigned a reference number for easy identification when discussing the process. A diamond is used to indicate that a decision is made within the process. Usually, these are yes/no (binary) decisions that divide the continuing process flow into two separate paths in response to the question inside the diamond. A connector symbol or circle is typically small and is used as a connector to show a jump from one point in the process flow to another. A directional arrow is used to connect each box (or diamond) to the box that precedes it and the box that follows it in the process. The arrow indicates the input/output that is moving to/from each box (or diamond). Such input/output can consist of material or information. The arrow shows not only what is moving in the process but also the direction of movement. Table 8.1 shows the various symbols used in linear process mapping.

Table 8.1: Symbols used in linear process mapping. Symbol Description

Terminator symbol shows the start and stop points in a process. When used as a start symbol, terminators depict a trigger action that sets the process flow in motion. Decision symbol. Indicates a question or branch in the process flow. Typically, a decision flow chart shape is used when there are two options (Yes/No, No/No-Go, etc.). Connector symbol. In flow charts, this symbol is typically small and is used as a connector to show a jump from one point in the process flow to another. Process symbols show a process or action step. This is the most common symbol in both process flowcharts and process maps. Flow line connectors show the direction in which the process flows.

180 CHAPTER 8