Sparks Electrical News June 2018

JUNE 2018

www.sparkselectricalnewsmagazine.co.za

E L E C T R I C A L N E W S

REGULARS: CONTRACTORS’ CORNER | BUYERS’ GUIDE | PEOPLE ON THE MOVE | FEATURES : TOOLS OF THE TRADE | ENERGY MEASUREMENT AND SUPPLY | LIGHTING ECA CLEARS UP REGULATIONS FOR SOCKET OUTLETS

C onfusion has surrounded the new compulsory regulations for sock- et outlets, with feedback from Electrical Contractors’ Association South Africa (ECA) members revealing that there are still electrical contractors who are not sure how to interpret the new SANS 164-2 regula- tions for socket-outlets. Sparks Electrical News has received queries follow- ing an article published in the May 2018 edition on the regulations, which came into effect in January this year, and which state that all socket outlet points for new electrical installations must now include at least one socket outlet complying with the dimensions of SANS 164-2. We approached the ECA for clarification of the regulations. Cecil Lancaster, ECA Regional Director, Bosveld, says there is some confusion as to what would constitute a “new installation”. He explains that this must be interpreted as “a totally new building” and clarifies that “maintenance – such as the replacement of failed units and extensions to existing buildings – would be excluded.” For decades, the most common plug and socket used in South Africa has been the SANS 164-1 and this familiar triangular electrical plug/socket standard may still be used in existing installations, but, over the next 10 to 50 years, it will gradually be replaced with the more effective and safer hexagonal plug, according to the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS). While the transition takes place, the new plug (SANS 164-2) may be connected by way of an adaptor to a SANS 164-1 socket-outlet so homeowners will have some time to adapt to the new regulations. SANS 10142-1 Edition 2 states: 6.15 Socket-outlets 6.15.1.1.1 Except where otherwise specified in this part of SANS 10142, single- phase socket outlets for general use (see also 6.14.1.4) shall a) Be of the two-pole earthing contact type, b) Comply with SANS 164-0 c) Effective from January 2018, all socket outlet points for new electrical installations must include at least one socket outlet complying with the di- mensions of SANS 164-2. Socket outlet points may also include socket- outlets complying with the dimensions of SANS 164-1. Cecil Lancaster, regional director at the ECA(SA)’s Bosveld region says the wording in clause (c) above could have been stated more clearly, such as: “In new installations,all socket outlets for general use shall be SANS 164- 2, but socket outlet points may be combined with other types of sockets.” Industrial Lancaster explains: “Possibly it would be easier to understand the in- tent by considering the wording used many years ago when the use of ‘NOVA’ and ‘DIN’ sockets was phased-out from new installations. The wording of the second sentence of the clause as applicable to industrial sockets below, would possibly clarify this better if 'NOVA' and 'DIN' were to be substituted with 'SANS 164-1'. 6.15.1.1.2 Socket outlets intended for the connection of industrial type equipment such as welding machines, shall conform to the dimensions given in SANS 60309-1 and SANS 60309-2. NOVA and DIN socket outlets may only be fitted as replacement of, and in extension to, an installation where such socket outlets exist. It would then read: “SANS 164-1 socket outlets may only be fitted as replacement of, and in extension to, an installation where such socket outlets exist.” Implementation date He reminds electrical contractors that in instances where a contract has

been signed before the implementation date of the current code, i.e. before March 2017, this need not apply according to the note on page three of the code: The applicable version of this part of SANS 10142 is the one with the latest implementation date before the contract date. So contracts signed before the approval of an amendment shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the unamended standard. FAQs The ECA has compiled a list of electrical contractors’ frequently asked questions regarding the new regulations: Q: Do you need pins that could carry 40 A on a 16A system with a 2.5 mm wire and a 20 A circuit breaker in the board? A: Simply put: No. Q: Is this new socket outlet safer than the old type? A: Yes. When a plug is inserted it goes into a 12 mm well, so when the pins touch the live terminals they cannot be seen and interfered with. Q: Are the plug tops available? A: Yes, they have been on the market for eight years but not everyone stocked them. Most of the large wholesalers now have stock Q: What about appliance manufacturers, are they changing to the new plug? A: Appliance manufacturers have been aware of the new regulations for a while but some have been slow to react, however, now that it’s law, they will have to change.

By Erika van Zyl, National Communications Manager, ECA(SA) Enquiries: +27 (0) 11 271 0686

IN THIS ISSUE: SAFEhouse GUIDE TO SOCKETS

CONTRACTORS’ CORNER

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PERSONALITY OF THE MONTH – WILLEM FREDERICK LUDWICK

REACHING SUCCESS THROUGH A FOCUS ON SET GOALS

from various leaders, mentors, colleagues and customers. My team and staff motivate me. I really appreciate all the support from my family, friends and colleagues. Johann Schleritzko introduced me to lighting many years ago and Carl Watson has played a vital role during the past five years. Sparks: What do you believe is one of the biggest challenges facing the industry at this time? WL: Our industry has become somewhat fragmented in the past few years. I have also noted that we seem to have more and more decision makers changing positions frequently. One of the biggest challenges facing our industry is regulation, or lack thereof. Quality, specifications, local contribution and return on investment are some of the key points to consider. It is important that we keep up with the latest technology and trends and be agile enough to survive in today’s business environment. Sparks: What do you enjoy most about your job? WL: My job! I love challenges, technology, lighting and people. What more could you ask for? Sparks: How do you motivate your staff? WL: I believe in people and teamwork. I believe that everyone has the responsibility to do his part to achieve more together. I’m consistent, honest and trustworthy and believe in integrity and I expect the same from my employees. I focus on set goals rather than the day-to-day issues and I believe I’m a strategist and planner, utilising the best that people have to offer in order to reach my goals. Sparks: If you could 'do it all again', would you change anything? WL: I’m really satisfied with my career but if I have to be critical, I would have entered the private sector and international market at a younger age. Sparks: Would you advise a person leaving school to enter the electrical industry? And why? WL: Definitely! It is an ever-changing and challenging industry which will always be in demand. Sparks: What is your advice to electrical contractors and/or electrical engineers? WL: This is a difficult and unfair question. I would not like to give any

contractor or engineer advice. I’m sure they know more than I do.

Sparks: What is your favourite quote? WL: “I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me.”

Sparks: Name three things on your ‘bucket list’. WL: A nice long trip back to Argentina, spending time in Patagonia; spend- ing time in Iceland; and seeing my grandkids grow up.

Enquiries: www.beka-schreder.co.za

Willem Frederick Ludwick

WILLEM FREDERICK LUDWICK, known in the industry as ‘Wimpie’, is the general manager of BEKA Schréder, a company he has worked at for over 18 years. In this time, he has witnessed many changes in the world of lighting, and believes that one of the biggest challenges currently facing the industry is regulation, or lack thereof. Sparks: Where were you educated? WL: After completing my secondary education in Pretoria, I attended Tshwane University of Technology where I obtained a four year Electrical Engineering Qualification in 1990. Sparks: What is your career history? WL: My career began as an Engineering Technician in the Public Sector, where I worked for seven years, resigning as a Senior Engineering Technician. I joined BEKA Schréder in 1995 as a Sales Engineer, working myself up to the position of Regional Manager after two years, a position I held for nine years. I then accepted the offer to join an electrical contracting company as General Manager. After almost six years, I returned to BEKA Schréder in 2013, as the National Sales Manager SA, and Market Development Manager for Australia and New Zealand. I have held my current position of General Manager since April 2016. WL: The outdoor lighting market has gone through dramatic changes, not only in the technology space, but also among decision makers. In addition, market requirements and go-to market strategies need to be reviewed regularly in order to stay ahead in our ever-changing environment. LED has completely changed the face of outdoor lighting during the last few years. The perception of outdoor lighting, opportunities and the IoT technology have changed. Lighting is no longer only a means of lighting up an installation, but plays a major role in the Smart City environment, enabling communication on different levels between different devices. Sparks: What are the greatest changes you have seen over the years? Sparks: What major projects have you worked on and what is your greatest accomplishment? WL: I have to say that I have been involved in so many interesting projects, each with its own challenges and outcomes that it is really difficult to mention a few. If you enjoy what you do, you give it your all and seem to remember every project undertaken with every customer or decision maker. Sport stadiums, industrial installations and IoT installations using LED technology seem always to impress and have a lasting effect. Sparks: Who has been your inspiration or have you had a mentor who has influenced your career? WL: I enjoy people and constantly try and take the best practices Sparks: How long have you been involved in the electrical industry? WL: 34 years.

SPARKS ELECTRICAL NEWS

JUNE 2018

CONTRACTORS’ CORNER

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OBITUARY: JAMES TERENCE (TERRY) De LACY TERRY De LACY, a well-known figure in the lighting world, passed away in Ireland on 13 May 2018 after a 10 year battle with cancer, which he fought with great positivity, determination, faith and courage. He is survived by his daughters Patricia De Lacy, Caylin De Lacy, Chalise Du Plessis and his grandson Keegan De Lacy. A lighting engineer with a critical eye for quality of luminaires and lamps and their influence on per- formance and reliability in use, De Lacy served on the South African National Standards Authority Commit- tee working group for LEDs and previously held the position of President of Institute of Lighting Engineers of South Africa. His LinkedIn bio described him perfectly; Terry De Lacy meeting Prince Charles on his visit to the Our Ladys Hospice & Care Services, Harolds Cross, Dublin, where Terry was an outpatient at the time due to ongoing cancer treatment in 2017.

Apart from being an Elected Fellow of the Institute of Lighting Engineers of South Africa (1997) and of the Illumination Engineering Society of South Af- rica (2004) he also lectured part-time at the Durban Teknikon in Illumination Engineering and authored numerous technical papers on lighting. In his spare time, De Lacy enjoyed fly fishing, camping, swimming, cricket, rugby, golf, hiking, photography and DIY.

“A lateral thinker, I thrive on challenge. Customer satisfaction and cost and energy saving as well as aesthetically pleasing installations are always the desired outcome. Continuously striving to be abreast of the latest technology, I am thus able to provide eco-friendly, cost effective solutions.” De Lacy worked in South Africa for GEC, Beka, Osram, Genwest Industries and The Lighting Consultants, amongst others, before moving to Thorn Lighting in Ireland in 2007, where his excellent people management, organisational and leadership skills, balanced with an affable personality and a fierce sense of loyalty and commitment, won him many friends in the industry.

DEMAND MORE FROM LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEMS

C ompanies involved in the exploration, extraction and processing of natural re- sources look for the smartest, safest, most cost-effective way to run their operations. Oppor- tunities to lower capital costs and operating ex- penses are often buried within a site’s low voltage (LV) power distribution networks. Schneider Electric has an innovative high breaking capacity for the Compact NSX range of moulded case circuit breakers (MCCBs), offering users more from their LV infrastructure and a cost- effective alternative to fuses over the long term. Smart alternative to high-power fuses The high breaking capacity of the Compact NSX circuit breakers will withstand demanding fault conditions, staying reliably in service after three faults. After a fault is cleared, remote control re- closing functionality puts circuits back into op- eration quickly, enabling maximum operational continuity. Discrimination and co-ordination will isolate faults, to avoid system-wide outages. Over the long term, this reduces the cost impacts of downtime and avoids the labour and parts costs associated with fuse replacement, giving users a total-cost-of-ownership advantage. Critical,highdemandpowerdistributionsystems, operating at 440/480 V or lower, need protection against extreme short-circuit fault currents. Such faults occur in systems with multiple paralleled power sources or large numbers of motor loads. The higher breaking capacity of the Compact NSX range can be used to provide better protection and higher continuity. Best-in-class protection • Compact NSX remains the highest-rated breaking capacity in its class of 100 kA for 500-690 V systems. • Industry-leading breaking capacity of 200 kA at 440 V. • Type II coordination for motor applications. • Extended breaking capacity available across complete Compact NSX range from 100 to 630 A. • Extended breaking capacity comes in the same space-saving frame sizes as other Com- pact NSX models. Class-leading performance enables the entire Compact NSX range to meet the requirements of applications that once mandated costlier, bulkier protection devices. Users can realise significant cost savings by safely running higher power densi- ties on LV platforms or benefitting from the higher energy efficiency and reduced space requirements of a 690 V system.

Enquiries: www.schneider-electric.co.za

SPARKS ELECTRICAL NEWS

JUNE 2018

CONTRACTORS’ CORNER

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KEY INSIGHTS FROM THE AFRICA ENERGY INDABA 2018 CONFERENCE

T he focus of the conference centered around realising Africa’s energy potential. Access to energy in Africa is improving, however lack of access remains a major problem. Africa’s population is projected to grow from a billion to 1.5 billion in 2050, and demand for energy will increase substantially. Sustainable Development Goals targets require that Africa increase access to energy by 2030. Efforts are underway and investors are urged to invest more in the sector. Renewable energy projects alone can provide immense job opportunities that can alleviate unemployment in African countries. Investments in the energy sector should also focus on skills development, technology transfer and empowerment. Energy access and securing the future for Africa’s citizens Modern, affordable, reliable and sustainable energy is critical for economic growth. Africa has the capacity to be self-sufficient through its abundant resources, but is lagging behind in energy security. Energy access is now part of the political debate and there is an increase in political will to provide energy to African countries. The business opportunity linked to renewable energy and energy efficiency There is opportunity in sustainability and its associated services, across

a great spectrum of projects from small to big. Some challenges include working with municipalities of various sizes and limitations of the current procurement process. Rural electrification: off-grid and mini-grid Self-sustaining and renewable mini-grids (<10 MW) are being installed in Africa as an alternative to traditional grid connections; and could enable countries to meet electricity access goals – especially rural communities that are far from the central grid. Challenges include access to financing, reliable power energy storage systems, and the need to implement energy projects as an integrated programme to uplift communities. Africa’s regional pathways: resilience and regional integration Regional energy projects can greatly improve energy access, but

require many utilities, regulators and ministries to co-ordinate in different countries. A decade ago the energy sector was characterised by state owned monopoly utilities but this is slowly changing. There are successful examples of interconnecting projects. Funding solutions to accelerate Africa’s energy sector growth and development Africa requires massive investment over the next 20-30 years but development agencies can only supply a fraction of this funding. It will require innovative funding solutions, new funding instruments, and new financial approaches for the African landscape. Africa requires investor certainty – projects should form part of regional development plans (not once-off/isolated). Projects need to be commercially viable and well-structured to access funding.

Enquiries: www.africaenergyindaba.com

18 TH EDITION OF IET WIRING REGULATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AVAILABLE FOR PRE-ORDER

T he IET Wiring Regulations, also known as BS 7671, are the standard for elec- trical installation, covering areas such as verification, inspection, testing, cable sizing, earthing and installation. This latest edition of the regulations should be of interest to all those concerned with the design, installation and maintenance of electrical wiring in build- ings, including professionals such as electri- cians, electrical contractors and maintenance technicians, as well as academic institutions. RS Components will be stocking the upcoming 18 th Edition of the IET Wiring Regulations – Requirements for Electrical Installations – published by the IET (Institution of Engineering and Technology). Available for pre-order, RS will have the IET publication in stock on the expected launch date of 2 July 2018. To maintain and update the existing wir-

ing regulations, the IET works closely with two major standard setting bodies: the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commis- sion) and CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization). The 18 th Edition Regulations are expected to in- corporate changes in certain areas includ- ing: protection against transient overvolt- age; protection against fire; extending the scope of Section 753 to also apply to the area of embedded heating systems; and a new appendix on energy efficiency. To coincide with the launch, RS is gearing up with a wide range of new products that will comply with the regulations including: VDE screwdrivers from suppliers such as Wera, as well as RS Pro tools; digital multimeters from leading makers such as FLIR; and insulation testers and RCD (Residual Current Device) protection

devices from RS Pro and vendors such as Megger.

Enquiries: https://za.rs-online.com

JOHANNESBURG CITY POWER ALLOWS REVERSE FEED FOR HOMES PRODUCING THEIR OWN POWER

A ccording to Green Building Af- rica, the Johannesburg Metro’s City Power has launched a Small Scale Embedded Generation Program, more commonly known as a reverse feed or embedded energy program. The program

paves the way for residents and businesses that generate their own electricity through solar power energy production, to reverse feed a limited amount of surplus generation back into the municipal grid. The amount of power fed back is set under a fixed tariff and

input and must be completed with the assistance of a qualified solar power (PV) installer. Once approved, a bi-directional advanced (AMI) credit meter needs to be installed by the City or the existing meter needs to be reprogrammed by the City to allow for reverse feed (at the home or business owners' own cost). The installation must comply with the South African National Standard (SANS) and a valid Certificate of Compliance (CoC) must be issued for the installation. The application process can be quite vigorous and lengthy if the PV system installed does not comply with the standards specified. In this way City Power ensures the reliability of supply for the life of the system. The positive consequence of the high standards that need to be met is the indirect regulation of the Photovoltaic or solar power installation industry. The launch tariff for selling back to City Power has been set at 42.79c per kilowatt hour (kW/h) for residences and 36.14c per kilowatt hour (kW/h) for businesses that are on three phase supply. The size of single phase installations is capped at 4.6 kW. While the tariffs are low, they are better than nothing and will improve your return on investment plus payback period.

will be offset against exist- ing City Power electricity accounts. The model, widely deployed in progressive cities around the world is a no-brainer and a long time coming. City Power sets conditions to buy power at a massive discount and sells it on at normal tariff rates, with very little capital outlay. Collectively the participants create a large urban solar farm servicing City Power. The challenge and cost to City Power is the strict implementation and adjustment to its automated billing system to allow for both the purchase and sale of electricity, something it appears to have overcome. The application process seems to be simple and invites interested residents and business to complete the Inverter Based Grid Tied PV Installation Form. However, the application form requires technical

Enquiries: www.citypower.co.za

SPARKS ELECTRICAL NEWS

JUNE 2018

CONTRACTORS’ CORNER

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A SIMPLE TESTER ANY ELECTRICIAN CAN MAKE

T o test an electrical installation, an electrician needs to use test equipment such as an earth leakage tester, loop impedance tester, pro- spective short circuit tester or an insulation tester, amongst others. There is another way: A ‘test plug top’ is a simple tester that any electrician can make up. At the back of the test plug top, there are test points, which make it possible to determine different values and allow the registered person to perform different tests as per the Certificate of Compliance (CoC) requirements. Let’s look at SANS 10142-1 (Edition 2): 8.6 Testing [Certain tests shall not be carried out in hazardous locations. Due to the characteristics of the intrinsic safety features of equipment, such equipment can be damaged by certain tests. Certain tests might be im- practical in existing installations already under power.] 8.6.3 Resistance of earth continuity conductor Use a resistance meter to measure the resistance of the earth continuity conductors between the con- sumer’s earth terminal and the earthing terminals of all points of consumption and switches. The values shall not exceed those given in Table 8.1. For example, a 20 Amp circuit breaker needs 0.55 Ω resistances to be functional. By using a test plug top, it will make it easier for the registered person to perform this test and he/she could save valuable time when testing an installation. 8.6.4 Continuity of ring circuits Remove both ends of each live conductor, sepa- rate them and test the circuit for continuity. Ensure that the two ends of the live conductor are connect- ed to the same terminal after the test (see 6.6.1.13). After separating the two conductors (live and neutral) it would be easy to determine a break in the ring circuits by using the test plug top to test back to the distribution board. This saves time by determining the position of a possible break without the unnecessary opening of socket- outlets. Remember, the size of the conductor may be reduced in ring circuits and, therefore, this test is important as it eliminates the overloading of the reduced conductors. 8.6.8 Insulation resistance NOTE 1: Before power is connected to any new or altered circuit, the test for insulation resistance should be carried out to ensure there are no short- circuit or high impedance faults in the installation, and that it is safe to energise. NOTE 2: In the case of existing installations where the power may not be switched off from certain circuits in order to carry out this test, the fact that the circuits are subject to the supply volt- age can be regarded as evidence that the insula- tion resistance is compliant. 8.6.8.1 When carrying out insulation- resistance tests; a) Use an ac or dc voltage of at least twice the nomi- nal voltage, with a minimum of 500 V. NOTE: The working voltage is taken as the maxi- mum of the voltages measured. a) In the case of ac, between each phase conductor and either the neutral or the earthing conductor, and b) In the case of dc, between positive and negative

possible to do this with or without power, and, at the same time, you will also be able to determine that a socket-outlet’s tube makes proper contact with a plug top. Remember that special care needs to be taken when testing with the power on. Using the test plug top will reduce the time spent testing all the socket outlets in an installation because it’s not necessary to open each one – and, at the same time, confirming that the socket outlets and circuits are safe.

conductors. b) Ensure all fuses are in place and switches and circuit-breakers are in the closed positions. Loads may be disconnected. NOTE: To prevent damage, ensure that voltage-sensitive electronic equipment such as dimmer switches, touch switches, time delay devices, power controllers, electronic starters for fluorescent lamps, earth leakage units, surge arresters and certain appliances are disconnected so that they are not subjected to the test voltage. Reasonably safe To perform the above-mentioned tests, the socket-

outlets must be opened; and, in the case of new installations, it is possible to perform these tests without a test plug top (8.6.8.1 and 8.6.8.2). How- ever, when older installations need to be certified as reasonably safe, using the test plug top will eliminate the need to open socket-outlets and this will prevent any damage to the client’s struc- ture – such as paint, plaster, tiles, etc – that can happen when opening the socket outlet for the inspection test. In section 4 of the Certificate of Compliance – Inspection and Tests, item 16 asks for the testing of ‘all switching devices, make-and-break circuits …’ Now, using this easily made ‘test plug top’, it’s

By Chris Koen, Regional Director, ECA(SA) Highveld Region

Enquiries: +27 (0) 11 392 0000

CONTRACTORS’ CORNER

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HOW ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS CAN MARKET THEIR SERVICES TO MILLENNIALS

SIMOCODE PRO SAFETY FOR SAFE SOLUTIONS I n water treatment or purification plants, safety and reliable operation take top priority. This is because situations can arise at any time in which plant or personnel have to be protected – for example, by safely switching off a motor. With SIMOCODE pro Safety from Siemens, you are always on the safe side. benefit from flexible, modular motor manage- ment functions and integrated safety technology in one system. People and machines are protected by combining various multi-stage protection and monitoring functions in SIMOCODE pro and by safely switching off the load feeder. For this purpose, the requirements laid down in the IEC 61508, IEC 62061 and ISO 13849-1 standards for functional safety up to SIL 3 and PLe are met. SIMOCODE pro Safety – optimally integrated

A ccording to the Brookings Institution, mil- lennials – those born between 1981 and 1996 – will comprise one-third of the adult population by 2020 and three-quarters of the workforce by 2025. In South Africa, there are ap- proximately 14,5 million millennials, which equates to over a quarter of the population. This percentage of the population makes it easier for millennials to directly influence society as well as refocus the attention of corporations and companies. They are comparatively better educated than their predecessors, have a tendency

toward a liberal political outlook, are as frugal as the GI generation and are environmentally focused. Millennials are changing the way the marketplace interacts with them with their increased purchasing power. How does this relate to electrical contractors and what can you do to get hired by and provide a better service for millennial customers? Let’s take a look at what millennials search for when hiring a contractor and what you as an electrical contractor need to keep in mind when trying to appeal to or work with millennial clients. Importantly, millennials are more socially conscious than past generations, and they tend to shop and buy products or services from companies that reflect their own moral code. They don’t trust large corporations or big companies that offer impersonal service. Finally, they are more connected on the internet, and word-of- mouth can make or break a company’s reputation as it’s shared through forums and rating sites. What does this mean for you? Looking at the world of electrical construction, the above information means this generation would support clean energy, energy storage, and renew- able energy, and would lean towards companies that support these things. They want a more per- sonal, targeted experience. And they want to be able to connect with and learn more about the companies they hire online. Ask yourself the fol- lowing questions: How competitive are you compared with other electrical contractors in the market? We know millennials want choice, and to get the edge over your competitors, you should be trying to personalise your service toward your customer. To target the right marketing at the right millennial, consider using any data analyt- ics you have available with your digital market- ing platforms (e.g., website, e-newsletter, social media, etc.) to personalise your approach. These are tools that offer insight into what your cus- tomer base is responding to and what works. Is your service convenient? How are you communicating with your cus- tomer? Do you have a well-designed, mobile- responsive website that details the tailored cost of your service, duration and time-frame? This strategy could be something to look into. Millen- nials like to be involved in all steps of the process, but on their terms. You could use your website, for example, to explain why you’re using certain kinds of materials or products and if any are more environmentally friendly or less expensive. Are you shareable? Millennials love sharing, and they love cool. If you aren’t active on social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, you should be. Think of interesting and millennial-focused posts and blogs to put out there that will encourage sharing and buying into your brand. Community- based WhatsApp and Facebook groups have proved to be very popular over the past few years (which ties in with word-of-mouth marketing). If you provided a good service, solved their problems and were friendly and knowledgeable, the chances are that they will recommend you when a friend, neighbour or participant in these groups asks for a recommended electrician. Ensure your Facebook page is up to date with the correct contact details, as millennials will quickly move onto the next rec- ommendation if you contact details are incorrect. Millennials are changing the way companies interact with their customers and behave internally. Take heed of their particular desires and aspirations. Given their increased purchasing power, these are your future clients.

By combining SIMOCODE pro V with a fail-safe module (DM-F local or DM-F PROFIsafe), you

Enquiries: www.siemens.com/simocode

Adapted from an article in Electrical Contractor

SPARKS ELECTRICAL NEWS

JUNE 2018

CONTRACTORS’ CORNER

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WORKING KNOWLEDGE BY TERRY MACKENZIE HOY

THE RISE OF ELECTRIC CARS

T he future of cars will be in some way electric. The general style of technology for an electric car drive was a dc motor driven off lead acid bat- teries; the dc motor drove the wheels directly. The result was a heavy car with an awkward centre of gravity which made the suspension a challenge and there was very little protection from collision related injuries. Such cars were more ‘technology demonstrators’ than actual commercial products. Alan Cocconi of AC Propulsion approached the problem in a different way. He knew that the motors used on commercial aircraft operate at 400 Hz and thus a 22 W motor running at this frequency was very much smaller than the equivalent motor with the same rated power. Of course a 400 Hz motor with four poles operates at about 12 000 rpm and could not be used to directly drive the wheels of the electric car. However, if the wheels were driven by a gearbox the situation would resolve itself. Cocconi used a Honda gearbox indexed to second gear for this purpose. To drive I amback again with a topic that basically touch- es on issues pertaining to electrical contractors with regards to the new regulations already ef- fective from 16 January 2018, with emphasis on the requirements for socket outlets. I recently attended a workshop on the 10 th of May 2018 at ECA offices in Cape Town, hosted by George Senekal. It is unfortunate that many of those in the business missed this because of other commitments regarding work, but the ECA workshops are very helpful in keeping us abreast with the new regulations that come into effect from time to time. One thing I noticed is that the SANS 164-2 regulations for socket outlets was introduced last year already and only became effective this year in January, and by attending the workshop, it was a good eye opener for me and all those who attended. The other thing my fellow contractors need to know is that these workshops are open to both members and non-members of the ECA to attend (at a small cost to cover refreshments and printed documents of the topics covered on that day to take home, which is a good thing as you can always refer back to these). Let me get to the crux of the matter. The new law on socket outlets refers to new installations that are being built as from when the law became effective, which is from the 16 January 2018. All contractors must be aware that in any new installation built after this date, socket outlets must have at least one SANS 164-2 socket incorporated on it, meaning no SANS 164-1 socket outlets for the normal round plugs will be installed on their own, be they single or double on new installations. Manufacturers have already ramped up production towards achieving this to comply with the law and it is the duty of every contractor ON THE GROUND WITH JONAS E MUKUPO

will bubble off one plate and oxygen off the other. A fuel cell works in reverse insofar as an enclosed cell has pure water in the central compartment and the central compartment is separated from the two side gas compartments by means of membranes. Hydrogen gas is pumped into one compartment and air (which contains oxygen) is pumped into the other. These two combine to form water and produce electricity. Fuel cells have been in existence since the 1970s but are still very expensive compared to batteries. They are, however, much lighter. It is only a matter of time before they replace batteries in electric cars which will be light and completely non-polluting. Critics point out that this will require the car to have a tank full of hydrogen which could explode in any vehicle collisions. The explosion part is a possibility, but is very unlikely. Another matter is driverless cars. Tesla in particular pushes these. How likely is it that the detectors in a driverless car will detect a person who has decided to walk across a freeway, lane by lane? Or

the motor he designed a 48 V/400 Hz inverter which used thyristors fixed to heat sinks the size of hockey pucks. He still stuck to the old lead acid battery. Tesla effectively copied this design but replaced the lead acid batteries with lithium ion batteries as used in cell phones. With regard to electric cars we are more or less at the same point that computers were at in the early 1980s. There was no such thing as a standard computer; Hewlett Packard, ICL, Apple and Wang had computers that worked on different systems. Then IBM produced a desktop computer which used a little online operating system called Microsoft- DOS. This made the IBM product far superior to anything else and it became the standard for industry. With electric cars we are not quite there yet. The next step to take us to industry standard will be to get rid of batteries and replace them with ‘fuel cells’. I think we all know that if you connect a metal plate to the positive of a battery and a metal plate to the negative of a battery then hydrogen gas

driving tasks and monitor the driving environment – essentially, do all the driving – in certain circumstances. The human driver doesn’t have to pay attention during those times.’ One has to wonder how we will find out what ‘essentially’ and ‘certain circumstances’ mean. Future generations of electrically trained people have a whole new interesting world to deal with when electric cars become common place.

an animal? The USA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has adopted Automotive Engineers International definitions for levels of driverless automation. Level 0 is a car where a human does the driving and level 5 where the car does all the driving without any human assistance. Effectively, right now there are no level 5 cars. However, the definition of level 4 is: ‘A vehicle’s ADS can perform all

KSB PUMPS FOR UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA LABORATORY

CONTRACTORS AND SANS 164-2

sets with 3 kW, 2.2 kWand 1.5 kWmotors respectively according to flow rates, required pressure and other requirements. With their proven reliability and unwavering performance, they were selected to accomplish the main pumping requirements of the complex system. PLC-control ensures that all parameters are checked and balanced to ensure the system delivers fluid at the right temperature set points and flow conditions 24-hours per day, regardless of the number of students using the facility. It also ensures that ongoing and larger-scale research projects can be undertaken, including some cutting-edge research that is already being done in collaboration with other international Universities. KSB Pumps and Valves external sales representative, Dylan Mitchell, says the company was initially approached by Ascend Consulting Engineers to obtain data on the pumps. The company later revealed that a project was being undertaken for the University and that sponsorships were being sought. “In this regard we are always ready to assist educational institutions and gave the thumbs- up to the project. Wherever technical assistance was required we were happy to weigh-in with our expertise, but must commend the University, consulting engineers and the contractors who worked tirelessly to deliver a world-class installation. “As a result, we are proud to be associated with this prestigious project which lends itself to assisting future engineers to change the face of tomorrow. This is another feather in the KSB cap.” With the system up and running, Professor Meyer concludes that the project is already proving to be a great success with numerous research projects already plugged-in. “We are thankful for the ongoing support of companies to the cause of our students and the University."

KSB Pumps and Valves has assisted the University of Pretoria in the construction of a large controlled-tem- perature test unit, which will form the backbone of on- going research into heat transfer, fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. The impressive unit will allow students to plug directly into hot, moderate or chilled liquids to use on research projects and will shave approximately 50% off students’ overall project build-up time thereby allowing more time to carry out actual research. In addition, it is expected to save considerable costs in future. Chairman of the School of Engineering and Head of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Professor Josua Meyer, says the multi-million Rand project was part-funded by the University, with donations from industrial companies like KSB Pumps and Valves for funding, equipment and construction of the system. About the centralized temperature-controlled unit, the Professor explains that the system relies on temperature monitoring of flow loops where water is conditioned through the relevant heat pumps and chilling units at near boiling or lower temperatures, as well as subzero degree Glycol at -20˚C. “The user demand within each loop is controlled using a system of pumps, variable speed drives, pressure transducers and special valves to allow up to eight experiments to plug-in simultaneously without affecting either the flow rate, working pressure or temperature of the unit. This calls for absolute reliability and requires the best possible equipment to be used to avoid downtime that may impede any of the research programs,” says Danie Gouws, Technologist of the laboratory. “In the research laboratory reliability is of the utmost importance and means that the University will not compromise on quality and will procure the best, most suitable equipment that money can buy.” This meant that through its learned-team, the University specified five Etanorm 50/32/250 pump

to follow through on that as well. By diamond shape, I mean a socket where you can connect a radio or TV (two pin plug) and on these, there is provision to connect to earth, hence new plug tops have three pins and can easily fit in that diamond socket since it has three holes, one being the earth point. At first glance it looks like a futile exercise, but there is a safety aspect behind all this. Imagine someone struggling to pull out a round plug top for a toaster or electric kettle. Most of the time the plug can come out half way while the pins are still in contact with the supply from the socket outlet. Oftentimes, we are tempted to insert anything in between to wiggle it out. It could be a knife or a spoon and that is when disaster strikes. Imagine if your fingers or those of a child accidentally make contact with the live pin of the plug because it is half way out and you get ‘zapped’. With the new SANS 164-2 plugs, there is no contact to live parts, mainly because you pull out the plug top and will not at any time get your fingers close to the pins. Even if the plug top is pulled half way out, the live part or parts remain covered by the plug top itself. Remember, these diamond plug tops do not sit flush with the socket outlet as with the round plugs, but sit right into the indentation on the plug top. It sounds unnecessary, but this was decided with safety in mind. New laws are already out to amend the CoC by taking some sections out and who knows, it might be reduced to one page. There will be enforcement of CoC’s just for earthing systems, solar or PV and MV installations out soon, hence I urge contractors to attend the courses offered by the ECA to keep abreast with the new laws happening in our electrical industry. As we all know, ‘ignorance is no defence’.

Enquiries: +27 (0) 11 876 5600

SPARKS ELECTRICAL NEWS

JUNE 2018

TOOLS OF TRADE

10

WIRELESS DC CLAMPS IMPROVE MEASURING PRODUCTIVITY IN-FIELD

FLIR RECEIVES ‘RED DOT: BEST OF THE BEST’ 2018 AWARD FOR FLIR T500-SERIES

The Fluke Connect app can be downloaded free of charge from the Apple App and Google Play stores.

The a3004 FC Wireless dc 4-20mA Current Clamp measures 4 to 20 mA signals without breaking the loop so process control technicians can make accurate measurements without in- terrupting the workflow. It features a detachable clamp with extension cable for measurements in tight locations. Both current clamps can record and store up to 65 000 measurements with the logging feature to isolate intermittent events or record fluctuations without even being there. The Fluke a3003 and a3004, along with more than 20 other Fluke tools, are part of the Fluke Connect system – the world’s largest portfolio of connected tools. They allow technicians to make better and faster decisions by having access to maintenance records wherever they are working.

COMTEST is offering dc current clamps to the Fluke Connect® system of wireless test tools: the Fluke a3003FC wireless dc current clamp and the a3004 FC Wireless dc 4-20 mA Current Clamp. Both fully-functional current clamps can wireless- ly send measurements to Fluke Connect enabled master units as well as the Fluke Connect mobile app so users can view measurements from mul- tiple devices simultaneously, review equipment history, and share measurements with other team members for faster troubleshooting. The a3003FC wireless dc current clamp meas- ures up to 2000 A dc making it ideal for very high dc current measurements typically found in utility and dc machine controller applications. It features a large jaw size (64 mm) for clamping around and measuring on large, high current conductors.

Enquiries: +27 (0) 10 595 1821

T he ‘Red Dot: Best of the Best’ is awarded for groundbreaking product design and is given as the top prize for the best products in their cat- egory. As the second FLIR product to win the award in consecutive years, the T500-Series joins the FLIR Exx- Series as an outstanding professional tool recognised for superior design. The FLIR T500-Series incorporates thoughtful ergo- nomics into a ruggedised, high-performance thermal imager. A lightweight magnesium interior and 180˚ opti- cal block rotation allow for hours of comfortable opera- tion, and a shatterproof Dragontrail® touchscreen offers peace-of-mind on even the roughest job sites. While recognised for its design excellence, the T500- Series also includes a wide range of advanced features with professionals in mind. Laser-assisted autofocus allows quick, accurate readings, while FLIR Vision Pro- cessing™ combines IR resolution, MSX® and UltraMax® images to create a detailed, brilliant thermal image with very little noise. The award-winning FLIR T500-Series is now avail- able for purchase through established FLIR distribution partners. the Tork Craft blades are carbon steel, recognised by their yellow colour.” The new hacksaw has two choices of angles; a 90 and 180 degree cut and the normal straight cut for fine, accurate cutting of steel, steel pipe, PVC, ABS, wood, Drywall, Styrofoam, and most other materials. The new Tork Craft hacksaw TCHS002 is avail- able at all leading outlets. Tork Craft is a leading brand of accessories in the Vermont Sales com- pany. Enquiries: +27 (0) 11 300 5622

NEW LIGHTWEIGHT ALUMINIUM ALLOY HACKSAW TORK CRAFT buyers were briefed some time back to design, manufacture and bring in a new lightweight, comfortable hacksaw. The result was a unique, lightweight alloy frame shape and ergonomic handle design, with a great new promotional feature of three additional spare carbon steel spare blades stored in the frame, which can store up to six blades. “Hacksaws are a must-have tool for every DIYer, tradesmen and home owner and if you are a hacksaw user you will know that breaking a blade normally happens when you don’t have a spare with you. This new unit solves that problem as you have spare blades in the handle,” said Ryan Hunt, Sales Director at Vermont Sales. “Not that you will be breaking the new units that often as

CORRUGATED PIPE CUTTER

F or the reliable and fast cutting of plas- tic corrugated pipes with universal ca- pacity range of diameters from 13 to 32 mm, Garry Lumpe Imports offers Knipex Corrugated Pipe Cutters. The tools are easy to use; simply press the Knipex TwistCut togeth- er and turn with slight pressure. This leaves a clean cutting edge with no damage to internal cables as the cut is always at the top of the corrugation. The 90 22 02 SB it comes with an additional stripping function with wire blades for diame- ters of 0.2, 0.3, 0.8, 1.5, 2.5, and 4.0 mm. Features: • Simple insertion, reliable and easy cutting without waste.

• Precise cut without damage thanks to the unique arrangement of the cutters with side guide. • Good accessibility thanks to the slim de- sign. • Made of glass fibre reinforced multi-com- ponent plastic with soft gripping zone. • Internal length scale for consistent strip- ping of cable, legible for both right and left-handed users. • Injection moulded length scale for consist- ent stripping to a uniform length, legible for left and right-handed users. • Practical locator simplifies the insertion of single conductors for stripping.

Enquiries: + 27 (0) 11 396 4965

Enquiries: +27 (0) 11 314 7711

WORLD’S SMALLEST ABSOLUTE MULTI-TURN ENCODER

M odern industrial applica- tions demand innovative designs featuring high performance, precise information and smaller component footprints. Instrotech offers the Scancon world’s smallest absolute multi-turn encod- er with SSI interface. Based on new advanced electronics and mechan- ics, this high quality, technically so- phisticated encoder was developed by Scancon’s engineering team and represents the first step into a new world of automation possibilities. Scancon designed the encoder to provide a compact, high perfor- mance solution for motion control applications where space is critical. It features a 24 mm diameter size with multi-turn SSI capability. No other en- coder on the market offers this solu- tion. Encoder Model 2RMHF – SSI ab- solute multi-turn features: • Ø24 mm footprint

• SSI interface • Multi- or single-turn • Hollow blind end or shaft Ø3 mm to Ø6.35 mm • Preset of zero position • Choice of counting direction • Enclosure rating IP64 to IP67 • Cable or connector version Potential applications include au- tomated machinery, pitch and yaw control, small ac motor feedback, wind turbines, packaging machines, robotics, ROVs and AGVs, solar trackers and automated doors.

Enquiries: +27 (0) 10 595 1831

SPARKS ELECTRICAL NEWS

JUNE 2018